Adaptation The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.

Barcelona Convention The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean, adopted in 1976.

Carbon Neutrality Achieving net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by balancing emissions with removal or elimination.

Climate Resilience The ability of a system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of climate change.

Ecosystem-based Adaptation The use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation strategy.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.

Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) The first Regional Seas Programme established under UNEP, providing a framework for cooperation among Mediterranean countries.

Mitigation Human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.

Nature-based Solutions Actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges.

Regional Activity Centre (RAC) Specialized centres within the UNEP/MAP system with specific thematic mandates.

Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

UNEP/MAP United Nations Environment Programme / Mediterranean Action Plan, the institutional framework for the Barcelona Convention system.